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오늘의 게임/2000

하프라이프 2 [H λ L F - L I F E ² | November 16, 2004]

by VGameLine 2024. 11. 16.
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하프라이프 2는 2004년에 발매된 1인칭 슈팅(FPS) 게임으로, 밸브 코퍼레이션이 개발하고 발행했다. 밸브의 디지털 배급 서비스인 스팀을 통해 윈도우용으로 출시되었다. 원작 하프라이프(1998)처럼 하프라이프 2는 총격전, 퍼즐, 스토리텔링을 결합하고, 차량과 물리 기반 게임플레이와 같은 새로운 기능을 추가했다. 플레이어는 고든 프리맨을 조종하며, 지구를 정복한 외계 제국인 컴바인에 맞서 저항군에 합류한다.


하프라이프 2는 밸브의 소스 게임 엔진을 사용하여 개발되었으며, 이는 동시에 개발되었다. 개발은 5년 동안 진행되었고, 비용은 4000만 달러에 달했다. 밸브의 사장 게이브 뉴웰은 팀에게 FPS 장르를 재정의하는 목표를 설정했다. 그들은 실제 물리현상을 시뮬레이션하는 하복 물리 엔진을 통합하여 존재감을 강화하고 새로운 게임플레이를 창출했다. 또한, 더 세밀한 캐릭터 모델과 애니메이션을 통해 캐릭터화를 발전시켰다.

밸브는 2003년 E3에서 하프라이프 2를 발표하며 9월 출시일을 알렸으나, 이 날짜를 지키지 못해 팬들의 반발을 샀다. 출시 1년 전, 미완성 버전이 해커에게 도난당해 온라인에 퍼지면서 팀의 사기가 저하되고 작업이 지연되었다.

하프라이프 2는 2004년 11월 16일 스팀에서 출시되었으며, 39개의 올해의 게임 상을 수상하고 역대 최고의 게임 중 하나로 평가받고 있다. 엑스박스, 엑스박스 360, 플레이스테이션 3, macOS 및 리눅스로 이식되었다. 2011년까지 1200만 장이 판매되었다. 하프라이프 2는 무료 추가 레벨인 로스트 코스트(2005)와 에피소드 시리즈인 에피소드 원(2006)과 에피소드 투(2007)로 후속작이 출시되었다. 2020년, 에피소드 3와 여러 하프라이프 프로젝트가 취소된 후, 밸브는 프리퀄인 하프라이프: 알릭스를 출시했다.

하프라이프 2는 원작 하프라이프(1998)와 마찬가지로 싱글플레이어 1인칭 슈팅(FPS) 게임으로, 플레이어는 고든 프리맨을 조종한다. 하프라이프와 유사한 게임 메커니즘이 적용되어 있으며, 건강과 무기 시스템이 존재하지만 전체적으로 무기의 수는 적다. 주기적인 물리 퍼즐이 등장하며, 새로운 소스 엔진과 개선된 그래픽을 통해 더 풍부한 경험을 제공한다. 플레이어는 아이템 없이 시작하며 게임 진행 중 무기를 늘려간다. 게임은 주로 선형적이지만, 탐험의 보상을 느끼게 하고 흥미롭게 만들기 위해 많은 노력이 기울여졌다. 여러 선택적 지역은 놓치거나 피할 수 있다.

다양한 적들이 등장하며, 각기 다른 전술로 접근해야 한다. 일부 적들은 그룹으로 협동하여 플레이어를 제압하고, 다른 적들, 예를 들어 맨핵은 좁은 공간을 통해 직접 날아와 공격한다. 일부 적들은 예측 가능한 강력한 공격을 사용하고, 다른 적들은 숨어 있다가 빠르게 공격한다. 고든은 대부분의 적을 무기로 처치할 수 있으며, 환경적 위험요소(예: 폭발성 압력 용기, 가스 화재 또는 즉흥적인 함정)를 활용한 간접적인 방법도 사용할 수 있다. 10장과 11장에서는 고든이 최대 4명의 무장 저항군 병사나 의사와 함께할 수 있으며, 팀원들을 더 멀리 보내거나 불러올 수 있다.

게임의 많은 기능은 소스 엔진의 세밀한 물리 시뮬레이션을 활용한다. 두 개의 장에서는 차량 운전이 가능하다. 하프라이프의 버튼 중심 퍼즐 대신, 환경 퍼즐이 도입되어 플레이어는 물체를 집어 옮기고 배치하는 새로운 능력을 활용한다. 해결책은 물체의 물리적 속성(형태, 무게, 부력 등)을 기반으로 한다. 예를 들어, 3장 "루트 카날"에서는 플레이어가 시멘트 블록을 쌓아 간이 시소 경사로를 만들어 벽을 넘도록 요구받는다. 대안으로 블록을 이용해 간단한 계단을 만들 수도 있어 퍼즐을 여러 방식으로 해결할 수 있다.

게임 중반에 고든은 중력 건을 획득하여 먼 물체를 끌어당기거나 힘껏 밀어낼 수 있게 된다. 이 무기는 더 크고 무거운 물체를 조작하는 데도 사용되며, 이후 퍼즐을 해결하는 데 필수적이다. 전투에서도 사용할 수 있어 적에게 무거운 물체를 던지거나 총격으로부터 방어하는 데 도움을 준다.

게임은 프리렌더링된 컷신이나 이벤트로 플레이어를 분리하지 않으며, 스토리는 다른 캐릭터의 설명이나 세계 내 이벤트를 통해 진행된다. 플레이어는 게임 내내 고든을 조종할 수 있다. 게임의 배경 스토리는 주로 암시하거나 환경을 통해 전달된다. 튜토리얼도 대부분 환경이나 대화에 배치되어 있으며, 나타나는 몇몇 팝업은 행동에 대한 키보드 바인딩만을 알려준다.

 

외계 침공 후 블랙 메사 연구소에서 다차원 외계 제국인 컴바인이 지구를 침략하고 정복했다. 주인공 고든 프리맨은 약 20년간의 정지 상태에서 깨어나게 되며, 그를 깨운 G-맨(마이클 샤피로)은 "그의 시간이 다시 왔다"고 암시적으로 전한 뒤, 고든을 시티 17으로 향하는 승객 열차에 태운다. 시티 17은 컴바인의 지구 본부인 시타델이 있는 동유럽 도시이다. undercover 저항군 멤버인 바니 칼훈(샤피로)의 도움으로 고든은 아이작 클라이너 박사(해리 S. 로빈스)의 실험실에 도착하려 하지만, 컴바인 경관에게 붙잡히고 체포된다. 이후 알릭스 밴스(멜리 다드리지)가 그를 구출해 클라이너 박사의 실험실로 데려간다. 클라이너 박사가 고든을 블랙 메사 이스트의 주요 저항 기지로 텔레포트하려는 시도 중, 고든은 우연히 시타델의 월리스 브린 박사(로버트 컬프) 사무실로 잠시 텔레포트되며 그의 존재가 드러난다. 이후 고든은 도시의 운하 시스템을 통해 기지로 나아가게 된다.

블랙 메사 이스트에 도착한 고든은 엘리 밴스(로버트 기욤)와 재회하고, 주디스 모스먼 박사(미셸 포베스)를 만난다. 알릭스는 고든에게 자신의 애완 로봇 개인 '독'을 소개하고 중력 건을 준다. 그러나 블랙 메사 이스트가 갑자기 컴바인 세력의 공격을 받아 엘리와 주디스가 붙잡히고, 고든은 좀비로 가득한 유령 도시 레이븐홀름을 통과해 탈출해야 한다. 이곳에서 외로운 주민인 그리고리 신부(짐 프렌치)의 도움을 받는다. 도시를 탈출한 고든은 저항군의 전초 기지에 도착하고, 그곳에서 듄 버기를 제공받는다. 그는 하이웨이 17을 가로질러 엘리와 주디스가 감금된 컴바인 감옥 노바 프로스펙트에 도착한다. 그는 감옥에 침입하여 알릭스와 재회하고, 엘리를 찾지만 주디스가 컴바인 스파이라는 사실을 발견한다. 그들이 저지하기도 전에 주디스는 엘리와 함께 시타델로 텔레포트해버린다. 고든과 알릭스가 탈출하기 위해 텔레포터를 사용하자 폭발이 일어난다.

밸브는 2003년 E3에서 하프라이프 2를 발표하며 캐릭터, 애니메이션, 물리 엔진의 데모를 선보였다. 반응은 긍정적이었고, 게임은 E3 올해의 게임 상을 수상했다. 뉴웰은 또한 2003년 9월 30일 출시일을 발표하며 팀을 독려하고자 했다. 팀은 마감 기한을 맞추기 위해 오랜 시간을 일했지만, 7월이 되자 기한을 지키기 어려울 것이라는 것이 분명해졌다. 지연에 대한 루머가 퍼지기 시작했다. 9월 23일, 밸브는 휴가 시즌 출시를 목표로 한 성명을 발표했지만, 팬들로부터 반발을 샀다.

뉴웰은 새로운 출시일 없이 지연을 발표하는 것에 주저했다. 그는 나중에 "우리는 마비 상태였다. 우리가 약속한 날짜를 맞출 수 없다는 것을 알고 있었고, 그건 정말 큰 사건이자 매우 창피한 일이었다. 하지만 사람들에게 줄 새로운 날짜도 없었다"고 말했다. 그래픽 카드 제조업체 ATI는 하프라이프 2의 예정된 출시와 맞물려 알카트라즈 섬에서 프로모션 행사를 계획했으나, 뉴웰은 행사를 취소할 수 없었다. 그는 준비된 연설을 하고 소스 엔진을 시연한 뒤, 질문에 답하지 않고 자리를 떠났다.

클라이너 박사의 실험실로 돌아온 고든과 알릭스는 텔레포터가 고장 나면서 일주일이 흘렀음을 알게 되고, 그동안 저항군은 컴바인에 대한 전면적인 무장 반란을 시작했다. 바니와 독의 도움으로 고든은 시타델 내부로 침투한다. 그는 타워를 오르는 데 일부 진전을 이루지만, 결국 붙잡혀 드. 브린의 개인 사무실로 이동하게 된다. 그곳에는 엘리와 알릭스가 포로로 잡혀 있다. 드. 브린은 자신의 포로를 컴바인과의 협상에서 지렛대 역할로 사용하려 한다고 밝혀, 이전의 주디스에게 한 말과 모순된다. 분노한 주디스는 세 사람의 포로를 해방시킨다. 드. 브린은 시타델의 지붕에 있는 텔레포터를 통해 탈출하려 하지만, 고든이 중력 건을 사용해 시타델의 reactor를 파괴함으로써 드. 브린은 심연으로 떨어지게 된다. 그의 죽음 여부는 명확하지 않다. reactor가 폭발할 즈음 G-맨이 다시 나타나 시간을 멈추고, 고든의 행동을 칭찬한 후 그를 다시 정지 상태로 넣는다.

하프라이프 2의 개발은 1999년 6월, 원작 하프라이프 출시 후 6개월이 지난 시점에서 시작되었다. 이 게임은 82명의 개발팀에 의해 만들어졌으며, 성우를 포함하면 이 숫자는 100명이 된다. 밸브의 사장 게이브 뉴웰은 FPS 장르를 재정의하고자 했으며, "혁신적이지 않고 기본적으로 의미 없는 것을 만드는 데 인생의 4년을 소비하는 이유가 무엇인가? 하프라이프 2가 역대 최고의 PC 게임으로 평가받지 못한다면, 이 팀의 대부분은 완전히 실망할 것"이라고 말했다. 뉴웰은 팀에 마감 기한을 주지 않았고, "사실상 무제한" 예산을 제공하며, 필요할 경우 자신의 자금으로 프로젝트를 지원하겠다고 약속했다. 그들은 동시에 개발된 밸브의 새로운 인하우스 게임 엔진인 소스를 사용했다.

하프라이프가 블랙 메사 연구소라는 단일 장소에서 진행된 반면, 밸브는 후속작에서 "더욱 서사적이고 세계적인 느낌"을 원했다. 초기 개념 중 하나는 플레이어가 행성 간에 텔레포트하는 것이었으나, 이는 레벨 간의 연속성을 어렵게 만들기 때문에 폐기되었다. 아트 디렉터인 빅토르 안토노프의 제안으로 팀은 동유럽의 한 도시를 배경으로 설정하게 되었다. 초기 컨셉에서는 플레이어가 도시를 향해 가는 얼음breaker인 보레알리스에 탑승하는 것으로 게임이 시작된다. 노바 프로스펙트는 황무지에 세워진 오래된 감옥 위에 작은 철도 기지가 건설되며, 중간 정차 지점에서 최종 목적지로 발전하게 된다.

하프라이프에서 플레이어들이 부수적 캐릭터와 연결된 방식을 관찰한 팀은 캐릭터화를 발전시켰으며, 더 세밀한 캐릭터 모델과 현실적인 애니메이션을 도입했다. 애니메이터 켄 버드웰은 심리학자 폴 에크만의 연구를 참고하여 얼굴 근육이 감정을 표현하는 방식을 연구했다. 작가 마크 레이드로는 캐릭터 간의 가족 관계를 설정하며, 이는 "모두가 이해할 수 있는 기본적인 드라마 단위"라고 설명하며 게임에서 거의 사용되지 않는 요소라고 말했다.

2004년 9월 19일, 독일 해커 악셀 젬베가 하프라이프 2의 소스 코드를 해킹하여 획득했다. 젬베에 따르면, 그는 이 코드를 다른 사람과 공유했으며, 그 사람이 10월 초에 온라인으로 유출했다. 팬들은 곧 하프라이프 2의 플레이 가능한 버전을 컴파일했으나, 게임이 얼마나 미완성이었는지를 드러냈다. 이러한 유출 사건은 밸브의 사기를 저하시켰고 개발을 지연시켰다. 2004년 3월, 젬베는 뉴웰에게 연락해 자신이 팬이며 악의적으로 행동하지 않았다고 말했다. 뉴웰은 FBI와 협력하여 젬베를 가짜 면접에 초대하고 그를 미국에서 체포할 계획을 세웠지만, 경찰은 독일에서 그를 체포했다. 2006년 11월, 젬베는 2년의 집행유예를 선고받았다.

2004년, 밸브 직원들은 크리스마스 이후 긴 근무 시간과 스트레스가 많은 작업 환경 속에서 돌아왔고, 하프라이프 2의 개발이 한 달에 100만 달러의 비용이 들고 있음에도 불구하고 조속히 완성될 것이라는 보장이 없었다. 그러나 뉴웰은 팀이 한 달에 약 3시간 분량의 게임플레이를 제작하면서 동력이 모이고 있다고 느꼈다. 3월에는 시작부터 끝까지 플레이할 수 있는 첫 번째 버전을 만들었고, 일주일간 개발을 중단하고 게임을 플레이했다. 이 시점에서 주요 변화로는 보레알리스 삭제, 제트스키를 호버크래프트로 교체, 게임 초반에 물리 조작 중력 건을 도입하는 것이 있었다. 회사 전반에 걸쳐 긍정적인 피드백이 있었다. 뉴웰은 "게임의 한쪽 끝에서 다른 쪽 끝으로 이동할 수 있다는 사실은 우리에게 정말 큰 의미가 있었다. 그러고 나서 우리는 이 게임이 더욱 좋아져야 한다는 것을 알았다 – 하지만 모든 요소가 이미 갖춰져 있었다"고 회상했다. 수개월간의 버그 수정과 플레이테스트를 거친 후, 하프라이프 2는 2004년 10월 13일에 완성되었다.

밸브는 2004년 8월 26일, 하프라이프 2의 1GB 분량을 암호화된 형식으로 스팀을 통해 다운로드할 수 있도록 제공했다. 출시 당일, 스팀 고객은 파일을 결제하고 잠금을 해제한 뒤 즉시 게임을 플레이할 수 있었다. 소매 유통은 비벤디 유니버설 게임즈의 시에라 엔터테인먼트를 통해 처리되었다.

하프라이프 2는 스팀, CD, DVD 여러 버전으로 동시에 출시되었다. 스팀을 통해 제공되는 하프라이프 2는 고객이 주문할 수 있는 세 가지 패키지를 갖추고 있었다. 기본 버전("브론즈")은 하프라이프 2와 카운터 스트라이크: 소스만 포함되어 있는 반면, "실버" 및 "골드"(콜렉터스 에디션) 버전에는 하프라이프: 소스와 데이 오브 디피트: 소스(원작 하프라이프 및 데이 오브 디피트 모드의 새로운 엔진 포트)도 포함된다. 콜렉터스 에디션/"골드" 버전에는 야구 모자, 전략 가이드, 하프라이프 2에서 사용된 사운드트랙 CD와 같은 굿즈도 포함되어 있다. 디스크 및 스팀 버전 모두 플레이를 위해 스팀이 설치되고 활성화되어야 한다. 소매판은 표준판과 콜렉터스 에디션으로 두 가지 버전으로 제공되며, 콜렉터스 에디션은 "골드" 에디션의 물리적 아이템과 다르게 티셔츠와 프리마 전략 가이드 샘플이 포함되어 있다.

ATI 테크놀로지와 협력하여 제작된 하프라이프 2의 데모 버전은 2004년 12월에 제공되었으며, 파일 크기는 한 장의 CD에 해당한다. 이 데모는 "포인트 인서션"과 "우리는 레이븐홀름에 가지 않는다..." 두 챕터의 일부를 포함하고 있다. 2005년 9월, 일렉트로닉 아츠는 하프라이프 2의 게임 오브 더 이어 에디션을 배급했다. 원래 CD 출시판과 비교했을 때, 게임 오브 더 이어 에디션에는 하프라이프: 소스도 포함되어 있다.

사운드트랙은 켈리 베일리가 작곡하였으며, 하프라이프 2의 대부분의 음악과 원작 하프라이프의 여러 곡이 포함된 사운드트랙은 하프라이프 2 "골드" 에디션에 포함되었고, 밸브의 온라인 스토어에서 별도로 판매되었다. 또한, 밸브는 2004년에 데스매치 모드를 출시했다. 2022년에는 팬들이 시체 모델의 텍스처가 화상 치료에 관한 의학 교과서에 게재된 실제 시체 사진에서 유래한 것임을 발견해 비판을 받았다.

 

 


 

Half-Life 2 is a first-person shooter (FPS) game released in 2004, developed and published by Valve Corporation. Like its predecessor, Half-Life (1998), Half-Life 2 combines shooting, puzzles, and storytelling while introducing new features such as vehicle gameplay and physics-based mechanics. Players control Gordon Freeman, who joins a resistance against the alien empire known as the Combine that has conquered Earth.

 

Developed using Valve's Source game engine, Half-Life 2 underwent five years of development with a budget of $40 million. Valve's president, Gabe Newell, set the goal of redefining the FPS genre for the team. They integrated the Havok physics engine to simulate real-world physics, enhancing immersion and creating new gameplay opportunities. Additionally, character models and animations were refined for better characterization.

 

Valve announced Half-Life 2 at E3 2003 with a projected release date of September, but they failed to meet this deadline, leading to backlash from fans. A year before release, an unfinished version was stolen by hackers and leaked online, which demoralized the team and delayed development.

 

Half-Life 2 was released on November 16, 2004, through Steam and won 39 Game of the Year awards, being recognized as one of the greatest games of all time. It was ported to Xbox, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, macOS, and Linux, with over 12 million copies sold by 2011. Subsequent releases included the free additional level "Lost Coast" (2005) and episodic sequels "Episode One" (2006) and "Episode Two" (2007). In 2020, after the cancellation of Episode Three and various Half-Life projects, Valve released a prequel titled "Half-Life: Alyx."

Similar to the original Half-Life, Half-Life 2 is a single-player FPS where players control Gordon Freeman. It features familiar game mechanics, including health and weapon systems, but has a limited number of weapons. The game includes periodic physics puzzles and provides a richer experience through its new Source engine and improved graphics. Players start without weapons and acquire them throughout the game. While the game is primarily linear, it encourages exploration and rewards players with optional areas.

 

Various enemies appear, each requiring different tactical approaches. Some enemies cooperate in groups to overwhelm the player, while others, like Manhacks, attack directly in tight spaces. Players can defeat most enemies using weapons, and they can also utilize environmental hazards (e.g., explosive barrels, gas fires, or improvised traps) for indirect combat. In Chapters 10 and 11, Gordon can be accompanied by up to four armed resistance soldiers or scientists, allowing for strategic team interactions.

 

The game leverages the Source engine’s detailed physics simulation. Players can drive vehicles in two chapters. Instead of button-centric puzzles from the original Half-Life, environmental puzzles require players to pick up and manipulate objects, solving challenges based on their physical properties (shape, weight, buoyancy, etc.). For example, in Chapter 3, "Route Canal," players must stack cement blocks to create a makeshift seesaw ramp to get over a wall, or alternatively, they can build a simple staircase with the blocks, allowing multiple solutions to puzzles.

 

Midway through the game, Gordon acquires the Gravity Gun, enabling him to pull distant objects closer or push them away. This weapon is also essential for solving puzzles and can be used in combat to throw heavy objects at enemies or defend against attacks.

 

The game does not interrupt player experience with pre-rendered cutscenes or events; instead, the story unfolds through character dialogues and in-world events. Players control Gordon throughout, with the narrative primarily conveyed through environmental storytelling. Tutorials are mostly embedded in the environment or through dialogue, with only a few pop-ups indicating keybindings.

 

The story begins with the alien empire, the Combine, invading and conquering Earth after the Black Mesa incident. Gordon Freeman wakes up from stasis after about 20 years, hinted at by the G-Man (voiced by Michael Shapiro), who suggests "his time has come again." Gordon boards a passenger train heading to City 17, the Combine's base on Earth, located in a city in Eastern Europe. With the help of undercover resistance member Barney Calhoun (Shapiro), he reaches the lab of Dr. Isaac Kleiner (voiced by Harry S. Robbins), but is captured by Combine officers. He is rescued by Alyx Vance (voiced by Merle Dandridge), who takes him to Kleiner's lab. During an attempt to teleport Gordon to Black Mesa East, he accidentally teleports into the office of Dr. Wallace Breen (voiced by Robert Cole), revealing his presence. Gordon then navigates through the city's canal system to reach the resistance base.

 

Upon arriving at Black Mesa East, Gordon reunites with Eli Vance (voiced by Robert Guillaume) and meets Dr. Judith Mossman (voiced by Michelle Forbes). Alyx introduces Gordon to her pet robot, Dog, and gives him the Gravity Gun. However, Black Mesa East comes under attack from Combine forces, leading to Eli and Judith being captured, and Gordon must escape through the zombie-infested ghost town of Ravenholm with the help of the lonely resident Father Grigori (voiced by Jim French). After escaping the town, Gordon arrives at a resistance outpost, where he receives a dune buggy. He travels across Highway 17 to reach the Combine prison Nova Prospekt, where he reunites with Alyx but discovers that Judith is a Combine spy. Before they can stop her, Judith teleports Eli away to the Citadel. When Gordon and Alyx attempt to use the teleporter to escape, it explodes.

 

At E3 2003, Valve showcased Half-Life 2, demonstrating characters, animations, and the physics engine, which received positive reactions and won the E3 Game of the Year award. Newell also announced a September 30 release date in September 2003 to encourage the team. However, by July, it became clear that meeting the deadline would be difficult, and rumors of delays spread. On September 23, Valve announced a goal for a holiday release, inciting backlash from fans.

 

Newell hesitated to announce a delay without a new release date, later stating, "We were paralyzed. We knew we couldn't meet the promised date, and that was a huge event and very embarrassing. But we didn't have a new date to give people." Graphics card manufacturer ATI planned a promotional event on Alcatraz Island in conjunction with the game's release, but Newell could not attend. He delivered a prepared speech and demonstrated the Source engine, leaving without taking questions.

 

Returning to Kleiner's lab, Gordon and Alyx realize a week has passed due to a malfunctioning teleporter, during which the resistance has initiated a full-scale armed rebellion against the Combine. With the help of Barney and Dog, Gordon infiltrates the Citadel. He makes progress climbing the tower but is eventually captured and taken to Dr. Breen's personal office, where Eli and Alyx are held captive. Breen plans to use his prisoners as leverage in negotiations with the Combine, contradicting what he previously told Judith. An enraged Judith frees the three prisoners. As Breen attempts to escape via a teleporter on the Citadel roof, Gordon uses the Gravity Gun to destroy the Citadel's reactor, causing Breen to fall into the abyss. His fate remains unclear. As the reactor explodes, the G-Man reappears, freezing time and praising Gordon's actions before placing him back into stasis.

 

The development of Half-Life 2 began in June 1999, six months after the original Half-Life's release. Created by a team of 82 developers, the total number, including voice actors, exceeds 100. Gabe Newell aimed to redefine the FPS genre, stating, "Why spend four years of your life making something that isn't innovative and is essentially meaningless? If Half-Life 2 isn't considered the greatest PC game ever, most of this team will be utterly disappointed." He did not impose deadlines on the team and provided "virtually unlimited" budget support, promising to fund the project if necessary.

 

While the original Half-Life was set in the Black Mesa Research Facility, Valve sought a more epic and global feel for the sequel. One of the initial concepts involved the player teleporting between planets, but this was discarded due to challenges in level continuity. Following art director Viktor Antonov's suggestion, the setting was changed to a city in Eastern Europe. Early concepts included the player starting aboard a icebreaker named Borealis heading toward the city. Nova Prospekt was envisioned as a small rail base built on an old prison in a wasteland, evolving into the final destination.

 

Observing how players connected with secondary characters in the original, the team enhanced characterization, introducing more detailed character models and realistic animations. Animator Ken Birdwell researched how facial muscles express emotions, based on psychologist Paul Ekman's work. Writer Mark Laidlaw established family relationships among characters, describing this as a "basic unit of drama that everyone can relate to," an element rarely utilized in the game.

 

On September 19, 2004, German hacker Axel Gembe stole the source code for Half-Life 2. He shared this code with others, leading to its leak online in early October. Fans quickly compiled a playable version, revealing how unfinished the game was. This incident significantly affected Valve's morale and delayed development. In March 2004, Gembe contacted Newell, claiming to be a fan and not acting maliciously. Newell planned to have Gembe arrested in the U.S. with the help of the FBI, but police apprehended him in Germany. In November 2006, Gembe received a two-year suspended sentence.

 

In 2004, Valve staff returned from a stressful working environment with long hours after Christmas, and with no guarantee that Half-Life 2 would be completed soon, despite costing the company $1 million a month. However, Newell felt that the game was nearly ready and offered Valve employees a bonus if they completed the game by the end of the year. In November, Gabe Newell provided a demo to select members of the press. To accommodate the game’s launch, Valve launched the digital distribution platform Steam in 2003, allowing users to download games. In 2010, Newell announced plans to switch the service to a "subscription-based model" after noticing a positive user feedback cycle.

 

Half-Life 2 has received widespread acclaim from critics, praised for its graphics, gameplay, and narrative. It won 39 Game of the Year awards and holds a Metacritic score of 96. In 2008, Time named it one of the 10 Greatest Games of All Time, stating, "Half-Life 2 manages to exceed its predecessor by using physics as a gameplay mechanic." The game is often credited with advancing storytelling and immersive gameplay in video games.

 

Half-Life 2 has influenced various games, and its Gravity Gun became a signature gameplay element in the series. Modifications, including a mod called "Garry's Mod," gained immense popularity, with Garry Newman stating that it initially served as a debugging tool. Valve included new weapons, characters, and locations in subsequent episodic sequels. Despite these, Episode Three was never released, and a new installment is long anticipated by fans.


 

Half-Life 2は、2004年にリリースされた一人称シューティングゲーム(FPS)で、Valve Corporationによって開発・出版されました。前作であるHalf-Life(1998)と同様に、Half-Life 2はシューティング、パズル、ストーリーテリングを融合させつつ、車両操作や物理ベースのメカニクスといった新しい機能を導入しています。プレイヤーは、地球を征服したエイリアン帝国「コンバイン」に対抗するレジスタンスに参加するゴードン・フリーマンを操作します。

 

ValveのSourceゲームエンジンを使用して開発されたHalf-Life 2は、4000万ドルの予算をかけて5年間の開発を経ました。Valveの社長であるゲイブ・ニューウェルは、FPSジャンルを再定義することを目指しました。チームはHavok物理エンジンを統合し、リアルな物理シミュレーションを実現することで没入感を高め、新たなゲームプレイの機会を生み出しました。また、キャラクターモデルとアニメーションも改良され、キャラクターの表現力が向上しました。

ValveはE3 2003でHalf-Life 2を発表し、リリース日を9月に予定しましたが、この期限を守ることができず、ファンからの反発を招きました。リリースの約1年前、未完成のバージョンがハッカーに盗まれ、オンラインに流出したことで、チームは士気を失い、開発が遅れました。

 

Half-Life 2は2004年11月16日にSteamを通じてリリースされ、39のゲーム・オブ・ザ・イヤー賞を受賞し、史上最高のゲームの一つとして認識されています。Xbox、Xbox 360、PlayStation 3、macOS、Linuxへの移植も行われ、2011年までに1200万本以上が販売されました。続編として、無料の追加レベル「Lost Coast」(2005)とエピソード形式の続編「Episode One」(2006)および「Episode Two」(2007)がリリースされました。2020年には、エピソード3のキャンセルや様々なHalf-Lifeプロジェクトの後に、前日譚として「Half-Life: Alyx」がリリースされました。

 

Half-Life 2は、プレイヤーがゴードン・フリーマンを操作するシングルプレイヤーのFPSで、シューティングやパズル解決の要素が組み合わされています。プレイヤーは武器を手に入れつつ、物理的特性を基にした環境パズルを解くことが求められます。ゲームは主に直線的ですが、探索を促し、オプションのエリアを探検することに報酬があります。

さまざまな敵が登場し、それぞれ異なる戦術が求められます。一部の敵はグループで協力してプレイヤーを圧倒し、他の敵(例:マンハック)は狭い空間で直接攻撃を仕掛けてきます。プレイヤーは武器を使ってほとんどの敵を倒すことができ、環境の危険(例:爆発物、ガス火、即席トラップ)を利用することも可能です。ゲームの第10章と第11章では、最大4人の武装したレジスタンスの兵士や科学者が同行することができ、戦略的なチームインタラクションが可能です。

 

ゲームはSourceエンジンの詳細な物理シミュレーションを活用しています。プレイヤーは2つの章で車両を運転できます。オリジナルのHalf-Lifeのボタン中心のパズルとは異なり、環境パズルはプレイヤーがオブジェクトを持ち上げたり操作したりして解決する必要があります。たとえば、第3章「ルートカナル」では、プレイヤーはセメントブロックを積んで即席のシーソーの rampを作り、壁を越えるか、単純な階段を作って複数の解決策を提案できます。

途中で、ゴードンは重力ガンを取得し、遠くの物体を引き寄せたり押し出したりすることができます。この武器はパズルを解く上でも重要で、敵に対して重い物体を投げたり、攻撃から防御するためにも使えます。

ゲームは、プレイヤー体験を中断することなく、事前レンダリングされたカットシーンやイベントを使用せず、キャラクターの対話や世界のイベントを通じてストーリーが進行します。プレイヤーはゴードンを操作し続け、主に環境ストーリーテリングを通じて物語が伝えられます。チュートリアルは主に環境や対話に組み込まれ、重要なキー設定を示すポップアップはごくわずかです。

 

物語は、エイリアン帝国コンバインがブラックメサ事件の後に地球を侵略し、征服するところから始まります。ゴードン・フリーマンは約20年間のスタシスから目覚め、Gマン(声:マイケル・シャピロ)が「彼の時が再び来た」とほのめかします。ゴードンは、コンバインの基地であるシティ17へ向かう旅客列車に乗り込みます。アンダーカバーのレジスタンスメンバーであるバーニー・カルハウン(シャピロの声)によって、彼は科学者たちのラボであるクライナーの研究室に到着しますが、コンバインの役員に捕まります。彼はアリックス・ヴァンス(声:マーレ・ダンドリッジ)によって救出され、クライナーのラボへ連れて行かれます。テレポートの試み中に、ゴードンは誤ってブリーン博士(声:ロバート・コール)のオフィスにテレポートしてしまい、彼の存在を暴露します。ゴードンはその後、街の運河システムを通じてレジスタンスの拠点に向かいます。

 

ブラックメサ・イーストに到着後、ゴードンはエリ・ヴァンス(声:ロバート・ギルフォード)と再会し、ジュディス・モスマン(声:ミッシェル・フォーブス)に出会います。アリックスはゴードンに重力ガンを渡し、彼のペットロボットであるドッグを紹介します。しかし、ブラックメサ・イーストはコンバインの攻撃を受け、エリとジュディスが捕らえられ、ゴードンはゾンビがはびこるゴーストタウン「レイヴンホルム」を父グリゴリ(声:ジム・フレンチ)の助けを借りて脱出しなければなりません。町を脱出した後、ゴードンはレジスタンスの前線基地に到着し、ダンバギーを手に入れます。彼はハイウェイ17を横断し、コンバインの刑務所「ノヴァ・プロスペクト」に向かいますが、そこでアリックスと再会するものの、ジュディスがコンバインのスパイであることを知ります。彼らがジュディスを阻止しようとする前に、ジュディスはエリをシタデルへテレポートさせてしまいます。ゴードンとアリックスがテレポーターを使おうとすると、爆発が起こります。

 

2004年9月19日、ドイツのハッカー・アクセル・ゲンベがHalf-Life 2のソースコードを盗みました。彼はこのコードを他者と共有し、10月初めにはオンラインで流出させました。ファンはすぐにプレイ可能なバージョンをコンパイルし、未完成であることが明らかになりました。この事件はValveの士気に大きな影響を与え、開発が遅れました。2004年3月、ゲンベは自分がファンであると主張し、悪意はないと主張しました。ニューウェルは、ゲンベを米国に呼び寄せ、後に彼がゲームをプレイしているビデオを公開しました。後に、彼は判決を受け、8年の執行猶予とカリフォルニアのサンノゼの刑務所での刑務作業の形で終結しました。

 

Half-Life 2は、批評家から広く称賛され、グラフィックス、ゲームプレイ、物語が高く評価されました。ゲームは39のゲーム・オブ・ザ・イヤー賞を受賞し、メタクリティックでは96のスコアを獲得しました。2008年にタイム誌は、ゲームを「史上最も偉大なゲーム10選」に選出し、「Half-Life 2は、物理学をゲームプレイメカニクスとして使用することで、前作を超えることに成功した」と評しました。このゲームは、ストーリーテリングや没入型ゲームプレイを進化させたことで広く認識されています。

 

Half-Life 2はさまざまなゲームに影響を与え、その重力ガンはシリーズの象徴的なゲームプレイ要素となりました。「Garry's Mod」と呼ばれるモディフィケーションも人気を博し、開発者であるギャリー・ニューマンは、それが最初はデバッグツールとして機能していたと語っています。Valveはその後、エピソード形式の続編に新しい武器、キャラクター、ロケーションを追加しました。しかし、エピソード3はリリースされず、新たな続編はファンに長い間待たれています。

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